O Captain! My Captain !

Walt Whitman (1819 - 1892) :-

He was an American poet, essayist and journalist. He was the most influential poet in the American canon, often called the father of ‘free verse’. He breaks the boundaries of poetic form. He also used unusual images and symbols in his poetry. The poem is an elegy to the speaker’s recently deceased captain. While the nation is celebrating the victory of the battle, the speaker is mourning the loss of its great leader. The poem has a direct reference to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln after the American Civil war was won.

'O Captain! My Captain!' ही कविता अमेरिकन कवी वॉल्ट व्हिटमन (1819-1892) यांनी लिहिली आहे. ते शिक्षक, सरकारी कारकून आणि पत्रकार होते. त्यांना 'मुक्त काव्याचा जनक' असे म्हटले जाते. व्हिटमन यांनी पारंपरिक काव्यरचना पद्धतीचा त्याग केला आणि यमक योजना न अवलंबता काव्यरचना केली. ज्याप्रमाणे त्यांनी स्वतःच्या काव्यरचना आकार दिला त्याप्रमाणेच सामाजिक जीवनाला आकार दिला.  अप्रचलित प्रतिमा आणि चिन्हांचा वापर ही त्यांच्या कवितेची

वैशिष्ट्ये आहेत.

Warming up !

Chit-Chat

1. Discuss the following with your classmates.

(a) What are the important games played in your school ?तुमच्या शाळेत कोणते महत्वाचे खेळ खेळले जातात?

Ans: We play cricket, baseball, kabaddi, football, langadi etc. in our school. 

(b) Who are the captains of the various team-games ? Name them. 

Ans: i) Cricket -............  ii) Baseball -..........  iii) Kabaddi- ......... iv) Football -...........  v) Langadi..........

(c) What is the role played by a team - game captain? What are his/her responsibilities ?

(संघ खेळाचा कर्णधार कोणती भूमिका निभावतो? त्याच्या/ तिच्या जबाबदाऱ्या कोणत्या?)

Ans. A team-game captain plays a pivotal role for the team. He/She is the backbone of the team.

He inspires and motivates the team. He creates team spirit among his players. He also plays crucial role to maintain good relations among all the teammates. He/She keeps the bonding with the team. He keeps the team united. He takes the responsibility of drawbacks and defects of the team.

(d) What is the role of a Captain of a ship ? What are the responsibilities of a Captain of a ship ?

(एखाद्या जहाजाच्या कप्तान की भूमिका काय असते? जहाजाच्या कप्तानाची जबाबदाऱ्या काय असतात?)

Ans. A captain of a ship plays an important role. He is solely responsible for keeping the ship safe and sound. He guides and takes the ship safely to its destination. He navigates safely to reach wherever he wants to take the ship and the people on the ship. He is responsible for the safety of the ship and his crew. Sometimes he has to risk his life to overcome difficulties he faces on his way.

1. In pairs find as many meaningful words as you can from the following grid within five minutes. You can find words horizontally and vertically. (Hint- The words are related to battles or battle - ships. For example, soldier Achievement Scale. 

Ans: Alight, anchor, battle, board, braved, compass, cruise, funeral, map, Marty re navigation sailor salute Soldier Steer victory.

O Captain! My Captain! our fearful trip is doneहे कॅप्टन! माय कॅप्टन! आमची भीतीदायक सहली पूर्ण झाली आहे

The poet addresses the Captain, telling him that the fearful trip is over.

The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won; जहाजाने प्रत्येक समस्येवर मात केली आहे, आम्ही मिळवलेलं बक्षीस म्हणजे विजय आहे;

 The ship has come through every difficult situation and the prize (unity) that they have sought is won. 

The port is near the bells I hear, the people all exulting,मी ऐकत असलेल्या घंटा, जवळ पोर्ट आहे, सर्व लोक आनंदित आहेत,

The port is near. The poet hears the bells.

The people are all happy and proud of success.

While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: सर्वांचे डोळे जहाजाच्या पुढच्या मजबूत भागाकडे लागले आहेत, जहाज भयंकर आणि धिटाईचे असते:

Everyone's eyes follow the steady keel of the ship, the vessel that seems so serious and bold. But the poet's heart is suddenly filled with very strong emotion,

But O heart! heart! heart!पण हे हृदय! हृदय! हृदय!

O the bleeding drops of red,हे लाल रंगाचे थेंब,

Where on the deck my Captain lies.जेथे डेकवर माझा कॅप्टन पडला आहे.

Fallen cold and dead.गार व मृत पडला आहे.

 for on the deck where his Captain lies, he can see bleeding drops of red

O Captain! My Captain! rise up and hear the bells;हे कॅप्टन! माय कॅप्टन! ऊठ आणि घंटा ऐक.

 Rise up - for you the flag is flung - for you the bugle trills:उठ - आपल्यासाठी ध्वज फडकावले आहे - आपल्यासाठी बिगुल वाजवले जात आहे.

He tells him to rise up because the flag is flung for him. For him the bugle sounds.

For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths - for you the shores

a-crowding;आपल्यासाठी पुष्पगुच्छ आणि रिबनचे पुष्पहार घेऊन किना .्या वर गर्दी जमली आहे.

For him people have brought bouquets and wreaths. People are crowding along the shores for him.

For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning ते तुमच्यासाठी आवाज देत आहेत,  हाका मारत असलेल्या माणसांना बोलावले, त्यांचे उत्सुक चेहरे वळून

The swaying masses are calling out to him. Their eager faces are turning towards him.

Here Captain! dear father!इकडे कॅप्टन! प्रिय वडील!

This arm beneath your head;आपल्या डोक्याच्या खाली हा हात;

It is some dream that on the deck,हे काही स्वप्न आहे की डेकवर,

You've fallen cold and dead.आपण थंड आणि मेला आहात.

It is as a dream that on the deck his Captain has fallen cold and dead.

My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and stillमाझा कॅप्टन उत्तर देत नाही, त्याचे ओठ फिकट गुलाब आणि अजूनही आहेत

The poet's Captain does not answer. His lips are pale and still.

My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;माझ्या वडिलांना माझा हात जाणवत नाही, त्याला नाडी नाही आणि इच्छाही नाही;

The poet speaks to the Captain telling him that here is his arm beneath the head of his dear father. He has no pulse nor will. 

The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;जहाज सुरक्षित आणि आवाजात लंगर आहे, त्याचे प्रवास बंद आणि पूर्ण झाले;

The ship is anchored safe and sound. Its voyage is closed and done.

From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won;भयानक सहलीतून, विजेता जहाज, ऑब्जेक्ट वॅनसह येते;

It has been a fearful trip, but the ship has returned victorious with its object won. 

Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!आनंदी, किनारे, आणि वाजवा, हे घंटा!

But I, with mournful tread,पण मी, शोकसंदर्भात

Walk the deck my Captain lies.माझ्या कॅप्टनच्या खोटे डेकवर चाला.

Fallen cold and dead.गार व थंडी पडली.

The shores exult and the bells ring, but the poet steps slowly and very sadly on the deck where his Captain lies, fallen cold and dead.

- Walt Whitman- वॉल्ट व्हिटमॅन

Paraphrase

                        

. His Captain is fallen cold and dead. He urges his Captain to rise up and hear the bells. He tells him to rise up because the flag is flung for him. For him the bugle sounds. For him people have brought bouquets and wreaths. People are crowding along the shores for him. The swaying masses are calling out to him. Their eager faces are turning towards him. The poet speaks to the Captain telling him that here is his arm beneath the head of his dear father. It is as a dream that on the deck his Captain has fallen cold and dead. The poet's Captain does not answer. His lips are pale and still. The Captain does not feel his arm. He has no pulse nor will. The ship is anchored safe and sound. Its voyage is closed and done. It has been a fearful trip, but the ship has returned victorious with its object won. The shores exult and the bells ring, but the poet steps slowly and very sadly on the deck where his Captain lies, fallen cold and dead.

'O Captain! My Captain!' हे एक स्मृतिकाव्य (मृत्यू पावलेल्या व्यक्तीच्या आठवणींना उजाळा देणारे काव्य) आहे. कवी व्हिटमन यांनी ही कविता अमेरिकेचे माजी राष्ट्राध्यक्ष अब्राहम लिंकन यांच्या स्मृतीमध्ये लिहिली आहे. 

प्रथा

अमेरिकेच्या नागरी युद्धामध्ये लिंकन यांनी महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभावली. त्यांच्या नेतृत्वाखाली अमेरिकेच्या संयुक्त सैन्याने नागरी युदध जिंकले. कॉन्फेड्रेशन आर्मी शरणागती पत्करली (कॉन्फेड्रेशन आर्मी हे सैन्य गुलामगिरीची अमानुष

[10:47 pm, 22/06/2020] Where's will there's way: '0 Captain! My Captain" हे एक स्मृतिकाव्य (मृत्यू पावलेल्या व्यक्तीच्या आठवणींना उजाळा देणारे काव्य) आहे. कवी व्हिटमन यांनी हो कविता अमेरिकेचे माजी राष्ट्राध्यक्ष अब्राहम लिंकन यांच्या स्मृतीमध्ये लिहिली आहे.

अमेरिकेच्या नागरी युद्धामध्ये लिंकन यांनी महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभावली. त्यांच्या नेतृत्वाखाली अमेरिकेच्या संयुक्त सैन्याने नागरी युदध जिंकले. कॉन्फिगरेशन आर्मी शरणागती पत्करली (कॉन्फेड्रेशन आर्मी हे सैन्य गुलामगिरीची अमानुष प्रथा वृद्धिंगत करण्याच्या राज्यांनी स्थापन केले होते) आणि त्यानंतर लिंकन यांची हत्या करण्यात आली.

लिंकन यांच्या नेतृत्वाखालील संयुक्त सैन्याने युद्ध जिंकल्याबद्दल अमेरिकेत सुरू असलेल्या आनंदोत्सव त्यांच्या निधनाच्या वार्ता दुःखाची छाया पसरली.

अमेरिकेच्या नागरी युद्धात लिंकन आणि त्यांच्या सहकाऱ्यांनी दिलेल्या लढ्यांचे रूपक म्हणून कवीने जहाजाचा उल्लेख केला आहे. कवी त्या जहाजावरील अन्य प्रवाशांपैकी एक होता; म्हणजेच युद्धात सहभागी झालेल्यांपैकी एक होता. त्यांनी केलेली ही अतिशय धोकादायक सफर यशस्वीपणे संपुष्टात आल्याने सर्वजण आनंदोत्सव साजरा करत होते. त्यांच्या या जहाजाने सर्व अडचणींवर मात केली आणि ते यशस्वीपणे आपल्या अंतिम मुक्कामाच्या ठिकाणी पोहोचले. यशस्वी जहाज आणि त्याच्या कप्तानाचे स्वागत करण्यासाठी किनाऱ्यावर गर्दी जमली होती. किनाऱ्यावरील लोक घंटानाद कोरोना, झेंडे फडकवून आणि बिगुल वाजवून विजयाचा आनंदोत्सव साजरा करत होते. पुष्पगुच्छ आणि पुष्पहार घेऊन ते अतिशय आतुरतेने आपल्या कप्तानाची म्हणजेच लिंकन यांची वाट पाहत होते. कवीला आपला कप्तान जहाजाच्या डेकवर थंडपणे आणि मृतवत पहुडल्याचे आढळले. त्याला प्रचंड धक्का बसला. आपल्या प्रिय कप्तानाचा अंत झाल्याचे पाहून त्याला आत्यंतिक दुःख झाले. कवीने त्याला उठण्याची विनंती केली; मात्र चिरनिद्रा घेत असलेला कप्तान जागचा हलला नाही. जहाज किनाऱ्यावर पोहोचून नांगर टाकेपर्यंत कवीला दु:खाने ग्रासून टाकले.

                प्रत्येक लढाईनंतर सैनिक विजयाचा आनंद लुटू शकत नाहीत कारण युद्धात कामी आलेल्या आपल्या सहकारी सैनिकांच्या मृत्युमुळे ते दुःखात व वेदनेत बुडून गेलेले असतात, हे कवीने या कवितेत अतिशय प्रखरपणे आणि समर्पकपणे मांडले आहे.

The World is Mine - workshop

English Workshop

1.1 Complete the following, after reading the poem.

(a) The poet saw a lovely girl hobble down.........

(b) The poet wanted to buy from the lad.........

(c) The poet told the boy to join others to play but he couldn’t ..........

(d) The poet requests.......... to forgive him.

1.2 (2) State whether the following statements are True or False :

(1) The poet told the lad to join others to play.

(2) The poet could not hear the boy.

(3) The poet requests the boy to forgive him.

(4) The poet is very lucky by the grace

of God.

1.3 (1) State whether you Agree or Disagree with the following statements : (पुढील विधानांशी तुम्ही सहमत आहात की असहमत आहात, हे लिहा :)

(1) The poet saw a lovely girl in a train.

(2) A beautiful girl had one leg and used a crutch.

(3) The lad who was selling sweet was very sad.

(4) The poet was very kind with the lad who was selling sweet.

2.  Match the following.

(a)	The beautiful girl...	(i)	he can experience the beauty and gifts of his life.
(b)	The lad who was selling sweets...	(ii)	was hearing impaired.
(c)	The child, watching others play...	(iii)	was very thankful to the speaker in the poem.
(d)	The poet says ‘The World is Mine’ because...	(iv)	had a handicap in her legs.

3. What does the poet mean when she says ‘The World is Mine?’ Explain the importance of the title with reference to the poem. ('जग माझे आहे' असे कवित्री म्हणते, तेव्हा तिला काय म्हणायचे असते? कवितेच्या संदर्भात कवितेच्या शीर्षकाचे स्पष्टीकरण करा.)

 

4. 1. Describe the young girl in the bus. बस मधील तरुण मुलीचे वर्णन करा.

4.2. What did the speaker in the poem not realize while chatting with the young girl? त्या तरूण मुलाबरोबर गप्पा मारताना कवितेतील निवेदकाच्या लक्षात कोणती गोष्ट आली नाही?

4.3 Why did the blue-eyed boy not join the others in their games? तो निळ्या डोळ्यांचा मुलगा इतर मुलांच्या खेळात का सामील झाला नाही?

4.4. What does the speaker thank god for? निवेदक परमेश्वराचे कशाकरिता आभार मानतो?

4. Answer in your own words.

 (a) What is the theme of the poem ? कवितेचा मुख्य विषय कोणता आहे?

 (b) Do you think people with some handicap should beg for money ? Justify your response. (एखादे व्यंग असलेल्या लोकांनी पैशाकरता भीक मागावी असे तुम्हाला वाटते का? तुमच्या म्हणण्याचे समर्थन करा:)

 (c) What is better ? पुढीलपैकी अधिक चांगली कोणती गोष्ट ठरेल?

 (i) To completely take over the work and responsibility of a disabled person in order to help त्याला तिला मदत करण्याकरिता त्याचे तिचे काम व जबाबदारी पूर्णपणे स्वतःकडे घेणे की(OR)

 

 (ii) Encourage such a person to do it himself/herself in a different way. Justify your choice. (अशा व्यक्तीला त्याचे तिचे काम वेगळ्या पद्धतीने त्याला तिला स्वतःला करण्याकरिता प्रोत्साहन देणे. तुमच्या निवडीचे समर्थन करा.)

5. Make a list of pairs of rhyming words from the poem. 

 (a) For example, Whine - mine, .................. , ...................  

1. ..............................  2. ...................................

(b) The Rhyme scheme of the first two stanzas is...............

6. Pick from the poem lines which contain the Figures of speech.

(a) Inversion ...........

(b) Interrogation ..............

(c) Onomatopoeia  .................

(e) Apostrophe  ...................

8. Among your classmates, one is unable to walk properly, the second one can’t hear properly and the third one can’t see this beautiful world. All of them are facing lots of difficulties in life. Compose a dialogue among them, about the problems and difficulties faced by them. You can take help of the following dialogue to expand your ideas.

Student 1 : Do you know, how many problems I have to face when I decide to go anywhere ? 

Student 2 : I can’t hear anything.

Student 3 : So, sad! You both can’t walk or hear but my problem is more serious than yours. You know, I can’t see this beautiful world.

 (Now continue in your notebook.)

9. Develop/Complete a story in your own words and suggest a title.

 A polio victim and a strong, but visually challenged man, were friends. They wished to go to pay homage at a place of worship, three kilometres away. Now, continue the story and try to end it with a related moral/proverb.

11. Translate into your medium of instruction. 

(a) A disabled person should be respected in society. 

(b) A true friend ignores your weaknesses, corrects you and encourages you to make full use of your strengths. 

(c) One cannot change everything that one faces; but nothing can be changed unless one faces it.

12. Write a letter to your father requesting him to attend the social and cultural gathering of your school. Take help of the points given below. 

(a) Social and cultural gathering a mega event. 

(b) Varieties of activities conducted in the gathering. 

(c) Your participation in two or three activities. 

(d) Need to boost your confidence. 

13. Project : 

Divide the class into groups and conduct a poster - making competition for an Eye / Blood Donation Camp. Fix up the details of the above camp, like time, place etc.

👍💫💯*****

Appreciation

 

1.1 A Teenager's Prayer 2 8

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Title : A Teenager’s prayer

Name of the poet : J. Morse

Rhyme Scheme : The rhyme scheme of the poem is ‘abcb’

Figure of Speech : (any one) - Apostrophe :- the speaker of the poem directly addresses the abstract entityअमूर्त अस्तित्व, God. Hence the figure of speech is apostrophe this is a striking उल्लेखनीय, चित्तवेधक line because the tone of the whole poem is one of apostrophe.(फक्त नाव लिहिले तरी गुण मिळतात.)

Theme / Central Idea : The theme of the poem is a teenager's dilemma about making the right

decisions. The responsibility of choice falls fully on him/her. A wrong decision may ruin the whole life. Hence the teenager in the poem recognizes ओळखतो the need to pray for God's help and guidance.

1.3 Basketful of Moonlight 17 29

-

1. Title: Basketful of Moonlight

2. Poet : Sunil Sharma

3. Rhyme scheme : The poem does not have a rhyme scheme and is written in free verse.

4. Figure of speech : the figure of speech used in the poem are - alliteration, antithesis, apostrophe, consonance, hyperbole, repetition and tautology.  

5. Theme/ Central Idea      : The wish of a child to light up his village road, using moonlight to make travelling easier for the people in his village and the expression of his love for his father. 

2.1 You Start Dying Slowly 41 56

2.3 The Twins 57 77

3.1 If 86 115

3.3 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 101 135

4.1 The World is Mine 125 167

Three forms of the verbs with -s,es,ies and -ing

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1VbW7qzEFIjTwXz60hnw48cYIo3ax_1L6HFaYVd4dJhk/edit?usp=sharing

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

Warming up!

Chit-chat (गप्पा गोष्टी)

Share this chat with your classmate

(1) Where did you go for a picnic recently?(तुम्ही सध्या सहलीकरीता कोठे गेला होतात?) 

Ans. Recently I went to Mahabaleshwar.

(2) Who all accompanied you? (तुमच्या बरोबर सर्व कोण गेले?)

Ans. My family members accompanied me.

(3) Why did you select that picnic spot? ( तुम्ही सहलीचे तेच ठिकाण का निवडले?)
Ans. It is very close to Mumbai. We could enjoy the scenic beauty, invigorating and refreshing climate so we selected that picnic spot.

(4) What games/food/sights did you enjoy there? ( तुम्ही कोणत्या प्रकारचे खेळ /अन्नपदार्थ / प्रेक्षणीय ठिकाणांचा आनंद घेतला ?)
Ans. We enjoyed Antakshari on the way. We also enjoyed veg, non-veg food. We visited different points, Venna lake, Panchgani and Pratapgarh

(5) What did you feel when it was time to return home? (घरी परतण्याची वेळ झाली तेव्हा तुम्हाला काय वाटले?) 

Ans. The memories of our pleasant picnic were unforgettable. The picnic was a nice change in our dull routine life. We returned home happily with refreshed minds.

(Note : Students may share their own experience with classmates based on the above guidelines.)

(1) Look at the picture given on textbook page 101 and frame questions:

(a) Where are the trekkers trekking?

(b) Which season is it?

(c) What equipment do you think they are carrying?

(d) In which area of India do you find such trekkers?

(e) What is the role of mountaineers in such trekking?

(2) Form group of 4 to 6 students. Every student should close his/her eyes. As the group leader reads aloud the following lines, the students try to create a picture in his/her mind. Later, each one gives a heading for each description.

(a) Bright blue sky - soft white clouds sweeping by tiny specks of birds flying high-sun playing hide and seek behind the clouds.

Ans. Heading The Enchanting Beauty of the Sky.

(b) Miles of smooth barren land sparkling sand stretched till the horizon, in wave-like forms - thorny, cacti propping here and there - an occasional cluster of palms provide a shady spot - a carvan of camels moving in a line in the distance.

Ans. Heading Life in the Desert

(3) Compose in your group, a four to six line poem, which contains imagery.

- A Lost of golden daffodils,

 Beside the lake, beneath the trees,

 Fluttering and dancing in the breeze,

Continuous as the stars that shine 

And twinkle on the milky way.

Q. Read the poem carefully and complete the activities :

A1. Simple Factual Activities :

*(1) Put (✓) mark in front of True statement or (×) mark in front of False statement :

(a) The speaker stops to watch rain falling among the trees.

(b) The owner of the woods is known to the speaker.

(c) The horse is worried about the cold

and wants to keep going.

(d) The speaker doesn't emphasize upon the beauty of woods he is passing through.

(2) Complete the following sentences :

*(i) The speaker stops in the woods.

*(ii) Winter season of the year is described in the poem

*(iii) The day described in the poem is evening.

(iv) The speaker is riding on his little horse.

(3) Fill in the blanks: 

(i) The person who owns the woods lives in the village. 

(ii) The speaker stopped his horse at a place between the frozen lake and the woods.

(iii) The speaker was really captivated by the lovely, dark and deep woods.

(iv) The little horse gives a shake to its harness bells attached to its neck.

*(4) List the sounds mentioned in the poem.

Ans. harness bells, sound of wind, sound of soft feathers like snowflakes falling.

(5) On what date every year is the darkest evening?

Ans. On 21st December

A2. Complex Factual Activities :

*(1) Find out line/lines from the poem as a proof for the following explanation: ( स्पष्टीकरणांकरिता पुरावा म्हणून कवितेमधून ओळी शोधून लिहा :) 
(a) There is no one to catch the speaker trespassing.

Ans. He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow.

(b) The little horse draws his master's attention.

Ans. He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake.

(c) His horse seems anxious to keep going.

Ans. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near.

(d) The speaker prefers to stay but is forced to move onwards.

Ans. But I have promises to keep And miles to go before I sleep....

(e) The poem is set in bygone era.

Ans. He gives his harness bells a shake. Shows that the poem is set in the bygone era.

(2) Why does the traveller have to leave the lovely woods? ( त्या प्रवाशाला ते सुंदर उपवन का सोडावे लागले?) 
Ans. The traveller was really captivated by the lovely woods. He is supposed to discharge his duties on time. He promises himself to keep his word. So he has to leave the lovely woods to keep his word.

A3. Activities based on Poetic devices:

*(1) Tell whether the rhyming scheme of the following stanzas is right or wrong. Give the correct rhyme scheme for the wrong one:

Ans. (a) stanza 1-aaba: right 

(b) stanza 2-bbcb: wrong it is 'aaba' 

(c) stanza 3-ccde: wrong - it is 'aaba' 
(d) stanza 4-added wrong - it is 'aaaa

Write your answer in comment box with question no.

*(2) Match the lines of the poem with their figures of speech :

Group A		Group B
1. Whose woods these are      I think I know		(a) Alliteration
2. The woods are lovely dark     and deep		(b) Personification
3. And miles to go before I sleep		(c) Inversion
4. My little horse must think     it queer		(d) Repetition

3. The poem is believed to have a reference to the poet’s life itself. What could the following signify? Choose from the bracket below :

(duties and responsibilities/old age/life/death/everlasting peace)

(a) The speaker’s journey --

(b) Snowy Evening --

(c) Lovely, deep, dark woods --

(d) Promises --

(e) Sleep --

➤Write an Appreciation of the poem.